Eureka!
A battered thousand year old Greek prayer book sold for $2 million dollars at an auction in 1998. Sophisticated technology revealed It to be a palimpsest, a manuscript written on parchment that has another text written over it.
Beneath the text were the earliest surviving writings by Archimedes, the Greek thinker who is regarded as the greatest mathematician of antiquity. He’s the one who ran naked down the streets shouting “Eureka!” – “I’ve found it!”
When water spilled over the edge his bathtub after he lowered himself in, Archimedes had a flash of inspiration on using displacement to calculate the density of an irregularly shaped object like a crown. He figured out how to prove that a goldsmith had been dishonest with the king about how much gold he used in making his crown.
Using modern technology, we now have original ancient texts that were thought to have been lost to us.
Photo courtesy of: Ryan Baumann, CC BY 2.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:002r-001v_Arch13r_Sinar_true_pack8_Euchologion_up_(9734363273).jpg
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/physics/inside-archimedes-palimpsest.html